Assessing risk in gradetonnage curves in a complex copper. The relationships between grades and tonnages are analyzed by examining the correlation coefficients of these variables. The relationship is based on time discrete observations that represent the flow through the river crosssection in varying conditions. Classical nearhorizontal, observed on the left side of the graph, keynesian nearly vertical, observed on the right side of the graph, and intermediate upwardsloping, observed inbetween the other. This page describes what the statistics of the exam scores mean, and describes in slightly technical detail how i compute my grade curve. The following extract, reproduced by permission, from pp. The evolution of technical system is based on a primary law of triz. The probability density function of the standard normal distribution has a symmetric bell shaped curve that is. Specificationcurve analysis is carried out in three main steps.
Wmo recommends a curve should include at least 12 to 15 measurements, all made during the period of analysis and these. Moreover, if s has a value that is too large, an unreasonable scurve results, in which y 1 occurs near the start or the end. Geostatistical simulation technologies1 provide an increasingly recognized tool to model geological uncertainty and quantify. The new general grade and tonnage model for sedimenthosted gold deposits n118 has a median tonnage of 5. Some general statistical ones and also the probability density function pdf is the. It is suggested that the fractalmodel is an effective tool to describe.
The standard belt curve conveyors representing the core element of the innovative transnorm curve conveyor family and can be used for a variety of applications for internal transport of packed and unpacked goods with a maximum loading capacity of 150 kg. Despite the volume of previous works, studies on the tonnage cutoff model and average grade cutoff model for a single ore deposit are still scant. Application of grade and tonnage deposit models usgs. What we could get from s curve xiaoling shi, iwint, inc. Despite the volume of previous works, studies on the tonnagecutoff model and average gradecutoff model for a single ore deposit are still scant. The location of the process was at the corner of main and madison in greenwood south of indianapolis.
How tonnage calculations for sheet metal can make or break. Understanding cutoff grade 4 tonnage, grade, and costs or. Assessment of uncertainty in grade tonnage curves of a multivariate lateritic bauxite deposit through minmax autocorrelation factor transformation article pdf available january 2011 with 209. Market share scurve economics telephone reached 10% market penetration in 1896 and took 70 yrs to get to 90% automobile reached 10% market penetration in 1911 and took 70 yrs to get to 90% electricity reached 10% market penetration in 1906 and took 42 yrs to get to 90% radio reached 10% market penetration in 1928 and took 20 yrs to get to 90%. Students understanding and application of the area under. View and download samson scurve 215 owners manual online. Mohammad almahmeed qmis 220 3 9 standard normal distribution is a special case of the normal distribution formed when the mean 0 and the standard deviation 1. Although in a variety of units can be used, the cutoff grade is usually expressed as. Gradetonnage curves, orewaste selection and planning. Pdf mineral resource estimation is a highly skilled activity that is critical to the successful. Both tonnage and grade of sulfide deposits associated with komatiitic rocks follow lognormal distributions. Design vs diagnostics some criteria are more useful as a design criteria and some are more useful for diagnosing hvac problems ashraes latest recommendations to appear in a future handbook are use dba and nc for design criteria i. What we could get from scurve xiaoling shi, iwint, inc.
The results of carrying out this method through a complete orebody of a large tonnage seem to justify the labor involved thereinthe tonnage checks with the standard method to within 1. Cutoff grade determination for the maximum value of a small. In order to avoid serious errors in calculating a gradetonnage curve, we must be able to define clearly the relationships existing between estimates and the corresponding true values. Pdf mineral resource estimation irakli zarqua academia. As the criteria for ore classification becomes more selective, the tonnage above the cutoff grade of the deposit decreases. For this purpose, in a first step, a set of simulated images of the orebody.
Sedimenthosted gold deposits of the worlddatabase and grade. Material found to be above this grade is considered to be ore, while material below this grade is considered to be waste. Cutoff grade is the minimum grade required in order for a mineral or metal to be economically mined or processed. Once a rating curve has been established it is an estimate of the stagedischarge relationship at a given point. First, define the set of reasonable specifications to estimate. Third, conduct joint statistical tests using an inferential specification curve. Assessing risk in gradetonnage curves in a complex copper deposit 373 introduction capital investment in mining projects requires the quantification, understanding and assessment of risk in gradetonnage curves. Figure 1 is the cumulative curve for deposit tonnage. Turcotte 1997 further developed a tonnage grade model, which results in a fractal relationship between tonnage and grade, by modeling the geological oreforming process. Figure 2 shows an example plot of a rating curve on a log scale with the individual gauging points and rating period of application. Thus, after many years of use of various national tonnage regulations, a successful universal tonnage measurement system is now in place. Forecasting the gradetonnage curves and their uncertainty at the mehdiabad deposityazd, central iran. Christensen harvard university graduate school of business administration, boston, massachusetts 02 163 the technology scurve is a useful framework describing the substitution of new for old technologies at the industry level.
Forecasting the gradetonnage curves and their uncertainty. In this paper, it is proposed that models can be established based on the element concentrations obtained from the mineralized zones exposed by exploration or mining works. At first, early adopters provide the momentum behind. Grading on a curve implies that there are a fixed number of as, bs, cs, ds and fs. Pdf assessment of uncertainty in gradetonnage curves of a. When material from excavation is hauled to be placed in embankment, it is customary to pay to the contractor a certain sum for every cubic yard hauled.
Length of a vessel l as defined in section 6, part 2 of the vessel registration and tonnage regulations see also section 1. Tonnage calculations need to be precise in order for a sheet metal tooling project to be successful. The climbing and jumping of scurves in the world of innovation, an scurve explains the common evolution of a successful. Transnorm standard belt curve conveyor robust and reliable. The distributions and relationships of grade and tonnage among some nickel deposits by m. To maintain the equilibrium, the demand for money should go up. In best case scenarios, accurate tonnage calculations for sheet metal will help clients quote projects confidently and know the required forces to choose the correct press size. The shaded figures represent ideal conditions for right angle bending. The grade tonnage curves display the tonnage above the cutoff grade and average grade of a deposit relative to cutoff grade. A brief note about grade statistics or how the curve is computed a whole lot more than you want to know about how grade curves are made. Identify the three ranges of the aggregate supply curve explain the impact of an increase in aggregate demand curve in each segment.
Pdf assessment of uncertainty in gradetonnage curves of. Its purpose is to show how to correctly set a gradetonnage problem. For undiscovered deposits of this type, 90 percent are expected to have at least. The subject of this term project was an asphalt paving process utilizing a paving machine and 20 tons capacity triaxle trucks. The standard curves macro in sigmaplot provides five equations that may be fit to your data. In a normal distribution, most of the data will be near the middle or the mean, with very few figures toward the outside of the bell. You can calculate the punching tonnage been required with the help of the following punching force calculation formula blanking force formula. These range from a straight line equation to two different five parameter logistic equations. Grade and tonnage relationships among copper deposits.
The three ranges of the aggregate supply curve ncblog. Create a p curve disclosure table to select results to analyze 3. Distance and elevation relations between the culvert and approach section 15 6. Grading on a curve austin community college district. Create a pcurve disclosure table to select results to analyze 3. Gradetonnage curves, orewaste selection and planning problems. Application in series of data of articles and patents jhon wilder zartha sossa1, fernando palop, bibiana arango alzate, fabian mauricio velez salazar. The project is being run by the reithriley construction company. Second, estimate all specifications and report the results in a descriptive specification curve. Students understanding and application of the area under the. Rating curve and gauging information open geospatial consortium. The master sn curve has been developed based on two key technical advances in fatigue research over the last decade. The design master sn curve in asme div 2 rewrite and its. Assessment of uncertainty in gradetonnage curves of a multivariate lateritic bauxite deposit through minmax autocorrelation factor transformation article pdf available january 2011 with 209.
Synopsis this chapter will ask many questions and give a few answers. Hanley geological survey professional paper 1160 an analysis of the relationships of grade and tonnage among several types of nickel deposits. A master sn curve approach has been adopted in the new 2007 asme div 2 as an alternative method to the existing asme fatigue evaluation procedure for fatigue assessment of welded components through a rewrite effort over the last few years. Risk quantification in grade tonnage curves is critical for capital investment in mining projects and can be obtained through geostatistical simulations of orebodies. Figure 5 grade tonnage tables and graphs for indicated and inferred resources this shows conceptual grade tonnage relationships only and is derived from inferred and indicated resources for which economic viability of realising tonnage above any given grade cutoff has not been assessed at this time. For this purpose, in a first step, a set of simulated images of the orebody provide the grade tonnage curve and an uncertainty.
Standard curves analysis introduction a standard curve is used to calibrate an instrument or assay. Typical data sequence used to describe culvert sections and computations. A practical difficulty may arise in multielement deposits, as the joint modelling of the related attributes using the traditional. Part 3 tonnage measurement of vessels less than 24 metres. Where it is known that 100 psi is needed to do a job on a 5 x 8 wide piece. Is a schedule or curve that shows the amounts of real output that buyers collectively desire to purchase at each possible price level.
In order to avoid serious errors in calculating a grade tonnage curve, we must be. With modern technology it is now a relatively simple matter to calculate the gross tonnage and net tonnage for any ship at an early design stage. Forecasting the gradetonnage curves and their uncertainty at the. Tonnagecutoff model and average gradecutoff model for a. Hydraulic press tonnage calculation how to compute tonnage requirement. Cutoff grade determination for the maximum value of a. Students understanding and application of the area under the curve concept in physics problems donghai nguyen and n. Dec 14, 2012 figure 5 grade tonnage tables and graphs for indicated and inferred resources this shows conceptual grade tonnage relationships only and is derived from inferred and indicated resources for which economic viability of realising tonnage above any given grade cutoff has not been assessed at this time. In practice, blocks are selected according to their estimated value and not according to their true unknown value. Forecasting grade tonnage curves at the mehdiabad deposit boll. The distributions and relationships of grade and tonnage. Some examples turbine blades ship hulls automotive body panels complex curves a curve can be described by a finite number of short straight segments. If you punch round holes or square holes, or some other forms of holes through a given thickness of metal, you just want to know the force required to punch a hole in steel.
Jumping the scurve reveals how companies can thrive by leaping from one successful business to another. Sanjay rebello department of physics, kansas state university, manhattan, ks, 66506, usa this study investigates how students understand and apply the area under the curve. Figure 5 gradetonnage tables and graphs for indicated and inferred resources this shows conceptual gradetonnage relationships only and is derived from inferred and indicated resources for which economic viability of realising tonnage above any given grade cutoff has not been assessed at this time. Selection and gradetonnage relationships springerlink. Drawing on nearly a decade of research on thousands of companies from scores of industries around the world, nunes and breene show that too many leaders manage. Conversely, as the cutoff grade is lowered, the tonnage of the deposit increases. The islm model monetary policy when money supply increases. Jumping the scurve, paul nunes and tim breene leaders of accenture s high performance business research program reveal how the best companies get to the top and stay there. The distributions and relationships of grade and tonnage among. Scurve economics 0 10 30 60 90 1875 1900 1925 1950 0 10 30 60 90 100 100 1975 2000 2025 market share % preneed stage 0% 10% critical mass 10% 90% telephone electricity radio tv automobile ecommerce ecommerce estimated to reach 10% market penetration by 20052007 and will top 90% in 78 yrs.
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